Isotope delta challenge

CircumReality functionality delta : Blizzard Challenge 2007 to 2008

Although performing poorly in the Blizzard Challenge 2008, the CircumReality text-to-speech engine improved significantly from the Blizzard 2007 test. The engine’s acoustic model, prosody model, and acoustic synthesis were improved between tests. This paper discusses the CircumReality engine’s test results and reasons why it did poorly. The paper provides a list of improvements that resulted in...

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Carbon isotope variation in Douglas-fir foliage: improving the delta(13)C-climate relationship.

The natural abundance of stable carbon isotopes in the annual rings of forest trees is used as a tracer of environmental changes such as climate and atmospheric pollution. Although tree-ring delta(13)C varies by about 2 per thousand from year to year, variability within the foliage can be as high as 6 per thousand. Recent studies have shown that branch length affects stomatal response, which in...

Significant kinetic solvent isotope effects in folding of the catalytic RNA from the hepatitis delta virus.

The exchange of deuterium for hydrogen in water often produces solvent kinetic isotope effects (KSIEs) on the rate constants associated with enzyme reactions, including those catalyzed by RNA. Recently, KSIEs have been used to show that proton transfer occurs in the rate-limiting step of cleavage by the hepatitis delta virus (HDV) ribozyme and other catalytic RNAs. To test the underlying assump...

Isotope Effects, Isotope Separation and Isotope Fractionation